How Do Kidney Stones Form? How Can We Prevent Them?

Learn about the causes of kidney stones and ways of preventing them.

lithotripsy - stone breaking

endoscopy - treating stones by using small cameras that can be placed via penis or women's pee hole (urethra) and can be moved all the way up to the kidney to see the stone and break it with a small laser
percutaneous treatment - treatment of stones by entering the kidney through a small cut in the back that tunnels directly into the kidney.