Medical Tips and News

Medical Science News around the world

The World’s 1st artificial trachea (Synthetic Organ)

It was created from stem cells in 2011, then transplanted on Andemariam Beyene who was suffering from tracheal cancer. Now Beyene is in a very good condition after the transplantation surgery which took place at Karolinska University Hospital - Sweden


Types of Endocrine Gland Stimuli

Types of Endocrine Gland Stimuli

CREST SYNDROME

CREST SYNDROME


Carbon monoxide Poisonin

Carbon monoxide Poisonin

Kissing Reduces Anxiety

Kissing Reduces Anxiety and stop the noise in your mind


HEART ATTACKS AND WATER


How many folks do you know who say they don't want to drink anything before going to bed because they'll have to get up during the night.
Heart Attack and Water - I never knew all of this ! Interesting.......
Something else I didn't know ... I asked my Doctor why people need to urinate so much at night time. Answer from my Cardiac Doctor - Gravity holds water in the lower part of your body when you are upright (legs swell). When you lie down and the lower body (legs and etc) seeks level with the kidneys, it is then that the kidneys remove the water because it is easier. This then ties in with the last statement!
I knew you need your minimum water to help flush the toxins out of your body, but this was news to me. Correct time to drink water...
Very Important. From A Cardiac Specialist!
Drinking water at a certain time maximizes its effectiveness on the body
2 glasses of water after waking up - helps activate internal organs
1 glass of water 30 minutes before a meal - helps digestion
1 glass of water before taking a bath - helps lower blood pressure
1 glass of water before going to bed - avoids stroke or heart attack
I can also add to this... My Physician told me that water at bed time will also help prevent night time leg cramps. Your leg muscles are seeking hydration when they cramp and wake you up with a Charlie Horse.
Mayo Clinic Aspirin Dr. Virend Somers, is a Cardiologist from the Mayo Clinic, who is lead author of the report in the July 29, 2008 issue of the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.
Most heart attacks occur in the day, generally between 6 A.M. and noon. Having one during the night, when the heart should be most at rest, means that something unusual happened. Somers and his colleagues have been working for a decade to show that sleep apnea is to blame.
1. If you take an aspirin or a baby aspirin once a day, take it at night.
The reason: Aspirin has a 24-hour "half-life"; therefore, if most heart attacks happen in the wee hours of the morning, the Aspirin would be strongest in your system.
2. FYI, Aspirin lasts a really long time in your medicine chest, for years, (when it gets old, it smells like vinegar).
Please read on...
Something that we can do to help ourselves - nice to know. Bayer is making crystal aspirin to dissolve instantly on the tongue.
They work much faster than the tablets.
Why keep Aspirin by your bedside? It's about Heart Attacks.
There are other symptoms of a heart attack, besides the pain on the left arm. One must also be aware of an intense pain on the chin, as well as nausea and lots of sweating; however, these symptoms may also occur less frequently.
Note: There may be NO pain in the chest during a heart attack.
The majority of people (about 60%) who had a heart attack during their sleep did not wake up. However, if it occurs, the chest pain may wake you up from your deep sleep.
If that happens, immediately dissolve two aspirins in your mouth and swallow them with a bit of water.
Afterwards: - Call 911. - Phone a neighbor or a family member who lives very close by.- Say "heart attack!" - Say that you have taken 2 Aspirins.
Take a seat on a chair or sofa near the front door, and wait for their arrival and ...DO NOT LIE DOWN!
A Cardiologist has stated that if each person after receiving this e-mail, sends it to 10 people, probably one life could be saved!
I have already shared this information. What about you?
Do forward this message. It may save lives!
"Life is a one time gift"

Top 10 FACTS ABOUT STROKE

1) Stroke is the third most common cause of death, after cancer and ischemic heart disease.

2) It is also the most prominent cause of physical deformity

3) Stroke has a yearly incidence of 180-300 per 100,000.

4) Its incidence is accelerating in developing countries due to unhealthy lifestyles.

5) 2/3 of stroke victims are above 60 years old.

6) 1/5 of the victims die within a month of its occurrence. Half the survivors become physically deformed.

7) A damage in the left side of the brain may result in paralysis of the right side of the body; a damage on the right side, paralyzes the left side.

8) Hypertension accounts for 30-50% of stroke risk.

9) Patients with diabetes mellitus are 2-3 times more predisposed to stroke.

10) Stroke can occur due to a disruption in blood supply or due to a blood vessel damage.


Stroke Health Tips:

Diabetes and High Blood Pressure - Having diabetes as well as high blood pressure dramatically increases the risk for having a silent stroke, according to the American Stroke Association. This, in turn, can increase the risk for having a regular stroke. People with high blood pressure and diabetes need to control these chronic conditions to reduce their future stroke risk.

Fruits, Vegetables Protect Against Stroke - Eating fruits and green or yellow vegetables daily may protect against stroke. A 48-year study of 120,321 people found almost-daily consumption of green and yellow vegetables reduced the risk for death from stroke by 26 percent in both men and women, compared with those who ate no vegetables more than once a week. Almost-daily fruit intake reduced the risk by 35 percent in men and 25 percent in women. The study was published in 2003 in Stroke: Journal of the American Heart Association.

Potassium and Stroke - Eating foods that contain potassium could reduce your risk for stroke. One study in the journal Stroke found that people who consumed fewer than 2,300 mg of potassium per day had a 50 percent higher stroke risk than those who consumed more than 4,100 mg. Good sources of potassium include baked potatoes with skin, plain yogurt, cantaloupes and honeydew melons, halibut and tuna steaks, grapefruit, orange or prune juice, bananas and molasses.

Smoking Boosts Stroke Risk - Men who smoke increase their risk for bleeding stroke every time they light up, says the American Stroke Association. An 18-year study of more than 20,000 men found that those who smoke more than a pack of cigarettes a day double their stroke risk compared with people who have never smoked or those who've kicked their habits.

Stress and Stroke Risk - People who say they are highly stressed have double the risk for fatal stroke as people who say they are stress-free, according to the American Stroke Association. Researchers believe this may be the case because stressed people tend to have more cardiovascular risk factors, including smoking, a sedentary lifestyle, higher alcohol consumption and high blood pressure.


LIFE CYCLE OF MALARIA

Scientists developed predict aggressiveness of prostate cancer


Los Angeles: Scientists have developed a new identification mechanism that can detect genetic variations linked to prostate cancer to predict aggressiveness of the disease in a better way, says a study.

The method relies on understanding the genetic interaction between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The goal is to better predict a prostate cancer's aggressiveness to avoid unnecessary radical treatment, say researchers.

The findings of the joint study by researchers at Moffitt Cancer Centre and Louisiana State University of the US was published in the online journal PLOS ONE in April.

According to the authors, prostate cancer accounts for 20 percent of all cancers and nine percent of cancer deaths. It is the most common cancer and was the second leading cause of cancer related death in American men in 2012.

"For most prostate cancer patients, the disease progresses relatively slowly," said study co-author Hui-Yi Lin, member of the Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine Programme at Moffitt.

"However, some cases grow aggressively and metastasize. It is often difficult to tell the difference between the two," Hui-Yi Lin added.

The two treatment options for aggressive prostate cancer -- radical surgery and radiation therapy -- have negative side effects, such as incontinence and erectile dysfunction. That is why the authors believe there is an urgent need for biomarkers that can identify or predict aggressive types of prostate cancer

Diabetes Food Pyramid and Symptoms of Diabetes

10 Common Habits That Damage the Kidneys



1. Not emptying your bladder early


2. Not drinking enough water


3. Taking too much salt


4. Not treating common infections quickly and properly


5. Eating too much meat

6. Not eating enough

7. Painkiller abuse

8. Missing your drugs

9. Drinking too much alcohol

10. Not resting enough

Brain Mapping explained


Right hemisphere together with brain stem and cerebellum (lateral aspect). The connections of the brain stem with the cerebellum are dissected. The amygdala of the left hemisphere is shown. The corpus callosum has been partly removed. Schematic drawing.

1 Anterior cerebral artery
2 Frontal lobe
3 Amygdala (amygdaloid body)
4 Olfactory tract
5 Internal carotid artery
6 Oculomotor nerve (n. III)
7 Basilar artery
8 Trigeminal nerve (n. V)
10 Caudate nucleus
11 Internal capsule
12 Lentiform nucleus
13 Caudal extremity of caudate nucleus
14 Inferior colliculus of midbrain
16 Superior cerebellar peduncle
17 Middle cerebellar peduncle
18 Cerebellum
22 Inferior olive

NASA experimenting Cancer in Space


For lab-coated cancer biologists, peering through microscopes at stained tissue samples under fluorescent lights, the International Space Station may be the last thing that comes to mind. But 40 years of microgravity research proves cancer biologists may indeed want to look 220 miles up. Space provides physical conditions that are not possible on Earth, and as it turns out, those conditions may be ripe for studying cancer -- along with a wide range of other diseases.

Cells in the human body normally grow within support structures made up of proteins and carbohydrates, which is how organs -- and tumors -- maintain their three-dimensional shapes. In lab settings, however, cells grow flat, spreading out in sheets. Because they don't duplicate the shapes they normally would make in the body, they don't behave the way they would in the body, either. This poses problems for scientists who study cancer by examining genetic changes affecting cell growth and development.

Scientists have devised several laboratory methods to mimic normal cellular behavior, but none of them work exactly the way the body does. In space, however, cells that are not inside a living organism, called in vitro cells, still arrange themselves into three-dimensional groupings, or aggregates. These aggregates more closely resemble what happens in the body. Cells in microgravity also can clump together more easily, and they experience reduced fluid shear stress -- a type of turbulence that can affect their behavior. All these factors can help scientists study cell behavior -- and how changes in that behavior can lead to cancer -- in a state more closely resembling cells in the body.

"So many things change in 3-D, it's mind-blowing -- when you look at the function of the cell, how they present their proteins, how they activate genes, how they interact with other cells," said Jeanne Becker, Ph.D., a cell biologist at Nano3D Biosciences in Houston and principal investigator for the CBOSS-1-Ovarian study. "The variable that you are most looking at here is gravity, and you can't really take away gravity on Earth. You have to go where gravity is reduced."

Becker is the author of a recent paper in Nature Reviews Cancer  that surveys the past four decades of cell biology research in microgravity, and how the findings continue to inform cancer research on Earth. Starting with Skylab in the 1970s and leading up to current in-orbit investigations, Becker and co-author Glauco R. Souza highlight nearly 200 scientific papers drawn from space-based experiments and investigations.

Experiments on the space shuttle, Russian vehicles and the space station have shown changes in immune cells, including changes in cell-signaling cytokines, indicating the immune system is suppressed in microgravity. Even the architecture of cells changes in microgravity, with changes to cell walls, internal organization and even their basic shapes. In space, according to Becker's review, cells are more round.

Other studies have shown many changes in genetic expression. During an investigation on the STS-90 mission aboard space shuttle Columbia in 1998, cells were cultured for six days and returned to Earth for analysis. Afterward, an examination of 10,000 genes revealed the expressions of 1,632 genes were altered in microgravity, relative to ground controls. This was the first experiment to show reduced gravity can affect a wide range of genes.

Aboard Columbia during its STS-107 mission, prostate cancer and bone cells grew in a three-dimensional structure inside the Bioreactor Demonstration System (BDS–05). Early indications showed large aggregates of cells, indicating large growth, Becker said. But the study was lost, along with the shuttle and its crew, during re-entry on Feb. 1, 2003.

The Cellular Biotechnology Operations Support System (CBOSS-01-Ovarian) investigation aboard the space station contains a cell incubator that can grow 3-D clusters of cells, and scientists have used it to examine changes to human colon, ovarian and other cancer cells. In one recent result, Becker noted reduced production of cytokines in a human Muellerian ovarian (LN1) tumor cell line. Cytokines are small proteins that are secreted to mediate and regulate immunity and inflammation. Understanding changes in production of these proteins, and the changes in cell signaling that contribute to those production changes, could help researchers understand the mechanisms of tumor cell development.

Although cells grow in three-dimensional structures in microgravity, they don't possess blood vessels that can provide oxygen and nutrients, so the cells at the center of an aggregate will likely die. But that's still not a disadvantage, Becker said. Bulky tumors also have areas of dead tissue near their centers, which coincides with a slow cancer growth rate."You also have nearby cells that are not dead, but they're not really cycling. They are very much still cancer, and they can develop increased areas of chemo resistance," said Becker. "That mirrors exactly what you see in human cancer."

Even while they're sitting at the lab bench, researchers could reach new heights using the station's microgravity environment, Becker said. "I've had the chance to see firsthand the things that can happen. It's pretty amazing. It's a shame to not take full advantage of this platform for discovery," she said. "It's the only lab of its kind; that's it. And now is the time, because the station is entirely finished and available."

In recent years, research on Earth has caught up with 3-D cell structures. Investigations examining cancer cells and other tissues use a collagen gel matrix, which suspends cells in 3-D. Combining these techniques with the resources available in microgravity may inform entirely new approaches for studying cancer. Ultimately, microgravity- and Earth-based research could help scientists pinpoint the cellular changes that lead to cancer and possibly find new ways to prevent them, leading to new treatments that could enhance the quality of life for patients with the disease.

One Year Rural Compulsory Duty for MBBS Doctors


The Govt of India and MCI (Remember MCI is now a less self governance body and all are in doubt about the political status of Board of Governors) has recently been heard to launch a compulsory 1 year rural posting for MBBS Doctors, without which they will be unable to sit for Postgraduate Exams.
Congress Govt of India, has said that it will increase the health facility at rural level. Medicos are already spending 4.5 years Study and 1 year Internship to earn a graduate degree! and still they have to go for another 1 year rural to be eligible to sit for PG.
The Medicos are opposing this for their own view! And so called people of India are also in favour of the decision.
If you agree with us please share and like:

1. Why Junior Doctors?
Ans: They can be easily pressurized upon. And they can be put to work in cheap rates. So Govt is offering less-efficient practitioners to villages! What is happening with recruitment of more new permanent doctors, MD/MS's under Rural Health Centres? Is this not a discrepancy?

2. Why 1 year?
Ans: People of India must be astonished that many junior doctors want a permanent job. But permanent job will require more efficient workers and a more salary with costs of increment, pension!! Govt is planning to make job of doctors temporary!

3. Who will take responsibility for security and damages?
Ans: Most of the PHC's are located in remote locality. They even don't have proper staff pattern. Who will take the responsibility about the safety and security of newly trained doctors who are prone to mistakes!

4. Where is infrastructure?
Ans: Govt of India is sending Doctors to Rural Centres with no proper infrastructure! It will be same as sending a mechanical engineer to a field without any tools!!! What will doctors do without proper beds/staffs/medicines/diagnostic facilities! All these things are unavailable there. Govt is actually then sending doctors to only refer the patients to higher centres. And these higher centres will have deficient doctors as "Very Very Few will oft for housestaffship when Rural postings are made compulsory"

5. What will Doctors do! Future generations:
Less good students will oft for Medical, who wants to be heckled for soo long for a UG Degree and still be valueless. No one now goes for a MBBS doctor. Even common people run for a MD one!
We after being a doctor already sacrifice much from our lives still more to sacrifice.. no body will let more things to walk away from their life.
The number of lady doctors will fall because of lack of security and safety in rural postings. Females will fear for taking such a job.
Larger number of god medicos will leave India and go to a developed/ at-least another country. A total brain drainage.
ULTIMATELY the future generation of doctors will decrease in number and quality. 

Antidepressants a risk to unborn babies

Professor Stephen Pilling says evidence suggests SSRIs can double the risk of a child being born with a heart defect.

The drugs have been used by up to one in six women of child-bearing age.

A manufacturer contacted by the BBC denies any link to major foetal malformations.

Panorama has spoken to eight mothers who had babies born with serious heart defects after taking a commonly used SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) antidepressant while pregnant. Currently, prescription guidelines for doctors only warn specifically against taking the SSRI, paroxetine, in early pregnancy.

But Prof Pilling, of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), says that advice is about to be updated.

"The available evidence suggests that there is a risk associated with the SSRIs. We make a quite a lot of effort really to discourage women from smoking or drinking even small amounts of alcohol in pregnancy, and yet we're perhaps not yet saying the same about antidepressant medication, which is going to be carrying similar - if not greater - risks," he said.

When Anna Wilson, from Ayrshire, had her 20-week scan, doctors realised her son had a serious heart problem and would need immediate heart surgery when he was born.

 David will need further surgery before he starts school
Now eight months old, David was hooked up to machines for the first five weeks of his life. He will need more open-heart surgery before he starts school and doctors say he may not live beyond 40.

"He's got a lot of suffering ahead of him before anything else," his mother said. "We know that's a certainty and that's pretty awful."

Four years before she became pregnant, Mrs Wilson was prescribed the drug Citalopram by her GP because she was suffering from anxiety.

Her doctor told her it was fine to continue using the drug when trying for a baby. But after David was born she asked what might have caused his heart condition.

"We did meet with a cardiologist at one of the scan appointments, and he explained that as far as he knew there were no environmental factors and it wasn't because of anything we as parents had done. It was just one of those things - couldn't be prevented," she said.

Prof Pilling says the guidance will now be re-written to take in to account evidence that the SSRI antidepressants, as a group, are linked to heart defects.

He says the risk of any baby being born with a heart defect is around two in 100; but the evidence suggests if the mother took an SSRI in early pregnancy that risk increases to around four in 100.

Professor Stephen Pilling: "I don't think those risks are really worth taking"
He says that women not suffering from the most severe depression who become pregnant whilst taking the drug are taking an unnecessary risk.

"You've got double the risk. And for women who are mild to moderately depressed, I don't think that those risks, in most cases, are really worth taking" he said.

"It's not just when a woman who's pregnant is sitting in front of you. I think it needs to be thought about with a woman who could get pregnant. And, that's the large majority of women aged between 15 and 45."

Mrs Wilson will never know for sure what caused David's heart defect, but said if she had known there was even a very small risk associated with the drug she would have stopped taking it.

"If David's condition was preventable, and it wasn't prevented, that's really, really awful.

"If somebody had given me the choice in pregnancy and said 'there's a risk of this', I would have stopped taking those tablets in a flash."

Lundbeck, the manufacturer of Citalopram, says a recent review of scientific literature concluded that the drug "does not appear to be associated with an increased risk of major foetal malformations".

"The decision not to prescribe anti-depressants to a woman who is depressed... may generate greater risks to the woman and her foetus than the risks of exposure to the medication."

How the 'holograms' offer medics more memorable classes

A system which uses an illusionary effect to help medical students master their subject has been pioneered by two London-based junior doctors.
They have demonstrated a 3D graphic of a kidney measuring 4m (13 ft) to demonstrate renal function at a "test lecture" last week.
It was one of a series of hologram-like animations they are developing.
However, the university which hosted the event, said it was not ready to be rolled out yet.
"The cost would be prohibitively expensive," said a spokesman for St George's, University of London. "It's more a proof-of-concept at this stage."
Optical illusions
 
The effects were developed by Dr Kapil Sugand, who works at St George's Hospital and Imperial College London, and Dr Pedro Campos from St George's Hospital.
The animations are not true holograms, but are rather based on an illusion called Pepper's Ghost which uses glass or foil combined with special lighting techniques to make objects appear in mid-air.
They said they wanted to make it easier for students to absorb the large amount of detail necessary to pass their exams. Medical students can attend up to nine hours of lectures per day and typically study for six years in order to qualify.
"Research in educational sciences has shown the attention span of the average student is 20 to 30 minutes, but standard lectures are at least an hour," Dr Sugand told the BBC.
 An animation was used in the test lecture to illustrate how fluid passes through a kidney
"The human body is a very complex machine. It's very difficult to comprehend and appreciate how a kidney or liver functions, for example, from Powerpoint slides."
The images are all animated and can be controlled by the lecturer.
Three projectors are used to generate the full colour images on stage and they are designed to be used in a large auditorium.
While a "holographic "human body has previously been trialled in an anatomy class at Imperial College, it was not intended for a mass audience, said Dr Sugand.
"This could be a way to teach surgical procedures to a large group of trainees quite easily," he added.
The pair have spent £10,000 building up a small library of 3D animation lecture aids - including a sequence which outlines the various effects of malaria on different parts of the human body.
Funding came from the universities where they work, and also Dr Campos's parents.
Teething problems
 
Technical problems prevented the first test - scheduled for last Wednesday - from working, but an event later in the week was more successful.
 The University of London says the technology is too expensive for day-to-day use at present
The response from first year medical students at St George's, University of London, was positive.
"We spend a lot of time looking through textbooks and listening to lectures to try to get our heads round the subjects and I think this would make a lot of medical areas easier to understand," said Hannah Barham.
Andrew Salmon added: "As a concept it's fantastic, but I don't think it will replace the traditional kind of lecture at the moment though as it's not as customisable."
Dr Sugand acknowledged that the animations were intended to be an extra tool, and would not be a substitute for using dead bodies.
"Nothing can substitute dissecting a cadaver - it is the optimal and most traditional way of learning anatomy," he explained.
"But multimedia has become a way of complementing, not replacing, that process."

Milestones in Children

Social Smile 2 months
Recognises mother and head control 3 months
Holds object and takes it to mouth 4 months
Sitting on slight support 5 months
Enjoys mirror 6 months
Sits alone momentarily 6 months
Transfers object from head to hand 6 months
Rolls Over 7 months
Sits steadily 7-8 months
Crawls in bed 8 months
Monosyllabic words ( Mama , Dada) 9 months
Creeps 10 months
Cruises around furniture 10 months
Builds a tower of 2 cubes and pincer grasp 12 months
Can turn two or three pages of a book 13 months
Walks alone 13- 14 months
Walks Sideways and backwards 15 months
Builds a tower of three cubes 18 months
Feeds Self 18 months
Can drop and draw a horizontal or vertical line 2 Years
Can turn one page at a time 2 Years
Able to wear socks or shoes 2 Years
Can remove his pants 2 ½ Years
Can draw a circle 3 Years
Can dress or undress completely and buckle his shoes 3 Years
Knows age and sex 3 Years
Can copy and draw a cross ( Plus Sign) 4 Years
Can draw a rectangle 4 ½ Years
Can draw a tilted cross (Multiplication sign) 5 Years
Can draw a triangle 5 ½ Years
Bladder Control- Diurnal 12- 16 months
Nocturnal 2 ½ Years to 3 Years


TOP 10 BIGGEST BRAIN DAMAGING HABITS

TOP 10 BIGGEST BRAIN DAMAGING HABITS according to world health organization::


1. No Breakfast - People who do not take breakfast are going to have a lower blood sugar level. This leads to an insufficient supply of nutrients to the brain causing brain degeneration !!

2. Overeating - It causes hardening of the brain arteries, leading to a decrease in mental power !!

3. Smoking - It causes multiple brain shrinkage and may lead to Alzheimer disease !!

4. High Sugar consumption - Too much sugar will interrupt the absorption of proteins and nutrients causing malnutrition and may interfere with brain development !!

5. Air Pollution - The brain is the largest oxygen consumer in our body. Inhaling polluted air decreases the supply of oxygen to the brain, bringing about a decrease in brain efficiency !!

6. Sleep Deprivation - Sleep allows our brain to rest. Long term deprivation from sleep will accelerate the death of brain cells !!

7. Head covered while sleeping - Sleeping with the head covered increases the concentration of carbon dioxide and decrease concentration of oxygen that may lead to brain damaging effects !!

8. Working your brain during illness - Working hard or studying with sickness may lead to a decrease in effectiveness of the brain !!

9. Lacking in stimulating thoughts - Thinking is the best way to train our brain, lacking in brain stimulation thoughts may cause brain shrinkage !!

10. Talking Rarely - Intellectual conversations will promote the efficiency of the brain !!

CHROMOSOMES AND ASSOCIATED DISORDERS

Chromosome 1: Rh system / neuroblastoma
Chromosome 2: Cystinuria/hypobetalipoproteinemia
Chromosome 3: RCC/ALKAPTONURIA
Chromosome 4: Huntingtons chorea/achondroplasia/parkinsons disease
Chromosome 5: FAP/colorectal carcinoma/cri-du-chat syndrome
Chromosome 6: HLA system(short arm) /MHA antigen/DM
Chromosome 7: Cystic fibrosis
Chromosome 8: Osteoporosis
Chromosome 9: ABO blood group / friedreich’s ataxia
Chromosome 10: Apert syndrome Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 1 Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 4 Cockayne syndrome congenital erythropoietic porphyria Cowden syndrome Crouzon syndrome Hirschprung disease multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 Pfeiffer syndrome porphyri Usher syndrome Usher syndrome type I Wolman syndrome
Chromosome 11: Sickle cell anaemia/beta thallasemia/wilms tumour/MEN -1/ataxia telengiectasia/human insulin gene/PTH gene
Chromosome 12: PKU/vWF/CA testes
Chromosome 13: Retinoblastoma/osteosarcoma/wilsons ds
Chromosome 14: Familial HOCM/ alpha 1 antitripsin deficiency
Chromosome 15: Marfan’s syndrome/albinism/pradder willi syndrome/angelman syndrome
Chromosome 16: Alpha thallasemia/adult PKD
chromosome 17: Carninoma breast(BRCA1)/medulloblastoma/neurofibromatosis-1/ovarian tumour/ P 53 gene
Chromosome 18: Erythropoietic protoporphyria hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia Niemann-Pick disease/Type C porphyria Selective Mutism Edwards syndrome (Trisomy 18)
Chromosome 19: Myotonia dystrophica/gene for insulin receptor
Chromosome 20: MODY type 1 DM/prions disease
Chromosome 21: Homocystinuria/amyloidosis…folic acid transport..
Chromosome 22: Meningioma/acoustic neuroma/NF -2/Di-George syndrome
Chromosome Xq: Gene for androgen insensitivity syndrome/ fragile X syndrome/ Testicular feminisation/ X-SCID/ X linked agaamaglobulinemia/ Fabry ds/ Lesch- Nyhan/ Hemophilia B/ Hemophilia A/ Hunter syndrome/ G6PD deficiency
Chromosome Xp – Ocular albinism/ Chr Granulomatous Ds/ DMD/ Menkes syndrome


Healthy tips for diabetics


1. Eat food at fixed hours. Do not overeat.
2. Do not eat immediately after a workout.
3. If you are on insulin, make sure you have three proper meals with light snacks in between.
4. Do not eat fast; masticate and munch your food well before you swallow.
5. Drink a lot of water that will help flush the toxins off your system.
6. Make sure the gaps between your meals are short. Avoid fried foods and sweetmeats.
7. Include fresh vegetable salad in every meal.
8. Have at least 20 to 25 grams of raw onion daily.
9. Do at least 1 hour exercise daily.
10. Add wheat bran to your wheat flour (50% wheat flour + 50% wheat bran). This helps to increase fibre in your diet.


HEALTH RELATED Calender DAYS

World leprosy day 30 January
World cancer day 4th February
World disabled day 15th March
World TB day 24th March
World Health day 7th April
World Malaria day 25th April
Red cross day 8th May
World no tobacco day 31st May
Anti Filaria day 5th June
World blood donation day 14th June
International day against drug abuse 26th June
World diabetes day 27th June
World Zoonosis day 6th July
World population day 11th July
World breast feeding week 1‐7 August
Suicide prevention day 10th September
Alzheimer’s day 21st September
World Rabies day 28th September
World Heart day 29th September
International day for elderly 1st October
Mental health day 10 October
Ether day/ Anesthesia day 16th October
World diabetes day 14th November
World RTA day 16th November
World COPD day 19th November
AIDS day 1st December
Hepatitis day 4th December


CURRARINO SYNDROME


Autosomal dominant sacral agenesis along with other abnormalities such as presacral mass comprising of anterior meningocoele,enteric cyst and/or presacral teratoma and anorectal stenosis

Given below is the iimage

A. X ray showing Sacral agenesis
B : CT showing absence of sacrum and presacral mass
C : Presacral mass (mayb enteric cyst or a presacral teratoma)
RARE SYNDROME TYM :

CURRARINO SYNDROME :: Autosomal dominant sacral agenesis along with other abnormalities such as presacral mass comprising of anterior meningocoele,enteric cyst and/or presacral teratoma and anorectal stenosis

Given below is the iimage

A. X ray showing Sacral agenesis
B : CT showing absence of sacrum and presacral mass
C : Presacral mass (mayb enteric cyst or a presacral teratoma)

Indian ophthalmologist discovers new layer in human eye

Scientists previously believed the cornea to be composed of five layers, from front to back, the corneal epithelium, Bowman`s layer, the corneal stroma, Descemet`s membrane and the corneal endothelium.

The new layer that has been discovered is located at the back of the cornea between the corneal stroma and Descemet`s membrane.

The new layer has been dubbed the Dua`s Layer after the academic Professor Harminder Dua who discovered it.

Simple ways to prevent Osteoporosis


Calcium::

Men and women between the ages of 18 and 50 need 1,000 milligrams of calcium a day. This daily amount increases to 1,200 milligrams when women turn 50 and men turn 70. Good sources of calcium include:
Low-fat dairy products
Dark green leafy vegetables
Canned salmon or sardines with bones

Vitamin D::

Vitamin D is necessary for your body to absorb calcium. Many people get adequate amounts of vitamin D from sunlight.

Exercise::

Exercise can help you build strong bones and slow bone loss.

6 Reasons Marrying A Nurse Is Like Winning The Lottery




Is it really true? Marry with a nurse… is it good?
I think lots of nurses may share their experiences with husbands! but firstly read this article))

Fortunate enough to be dating a nurse?

If so, that partner could really be a keeper. If there is any chance of taking this relationship all the way to the altar, pull out all of the stops.A nurse, male or female, is one of the best partners one could choose while traveling through life. A marriage with a nurse is like winning the jackpot at the lottery, a pay out that will continue through the years and have more benefits than money ever could buy. Here are five reasons to say “I do.”

Talk about compassion.

A good heart is at the root of nursing. No one goes into the field simply for the money. Long hours, sacrifice, and the pain and suffering of others come with the job. Dedicating one’s life to the care of others means having a level of compassion that goes beyond the norm. Nurses have a strong desireto help people, to comfort, heal the sick, and provide essential aid. Imagine having that in a sidekick.

You will be in good hands.

A nurse has magic in his or her touch. After years of education, what skills a nurse must have at his or her disposal. Nurses have the main goal to join forces with others in the healthcare field with the motto, “Do no harm.” They know how to handle with care. The same could hold true when it comes to hearts.

Health will be a top priority.

Nurses know all the ins and outs of taking care of the body. They are more likely tolive a healthy lifestyle and promote it for their families. Eating well and getting exercise, while avoiding bad habits, will be easier with a nurse at the helm. Nurses are great at tackling a cold! Also, if there are any warning signs of a major problem on the horizon, a nurse will have the knowledge to nip it in the budor get the appropriate help.

A nurse knows how to listen well.

It is part of a nurse’s job to be an excellent listener. A nurse needs to hear what a patient says, pay attention to symptoms, and look for any signs of discomfort. These are wonderful skills to cultivate in a relationship. Most people will say that the ability to listen is one of the keys to a successful marriage.
and A nurse will be able to handle the rocky road of life

and Nurses may not be angel but they are the next best thing.